LINKERS – contrast, addition, reason and result.

LINKERS – contrast, addition, reason and result.

Look at the pairs of sentences below and decide on the relationship between them. Match them to the groups of linkers below. Then join the sentences with as many of the linkers as possible.

1. Oxford Street is popular with shoppers. Oxford Street has excellent public transport.

2. Most tourists go to Beijing, when they go to China on     holiday. Beijing is one of the most polluted cities in the country.

3. He’s going to do a course in German next year. He’s going to improve his Arabic next year.

4. I'm not very good at languages.

I'm going to do a course in Italian next year.

 5. I’m quite good at languages. I'm going to take courses in Chinese, Japanese and French next year.

6. The traffic was terrible this morning. I managed to get to work on time.

7. The traffic was terrible this morning. I was about 25 minutes late for work.

8. Smoking is bad for your health. Smoking is anti-social because many people find it unpleasant. Smoking is a waste of money.

9. I don't think Simon Green would be a good candidate for this job. He is hard working and reliable. He has no experience in this area. He has never shown the slightest interest in this kind of work.

CONTRAST

However, in spite of, despite, although, even though

REASON

Because, because of, due to, owing to

RESULT

Therefore, so, as a consequence, as a result, that’s why

ADDITION

Also, as well as, in addition, besides, moreover, furthermore

SOME POSSIBLE ANSWERS

1. REASON: because/because of/due to owing to

1. Oxford Street is popular with shoppers, because it has excellent public transport.

Oxford Street is popular with shoppers, because of its excellent public transport.

Oxford Street is popular with shoppers, owing to/due to its excellent public transport.

2. CONTRAST: however, in spite of, despite, although, even though

Most tourists go to Beijing, when they go to China on holiday.

However, it is one of the most polluted cities in the country.

Most tourists go to Beijing, when they go to China on holiday,

Although/ Even though  it is one of the most polluted cities in the country.

Most tourists go to Beijing, when they go to China on holiday, despite/in spite of it being one of the most polluted cities in the country.

3. ADDITION: Also, as well as, in addition, besides, moreover, furthermore

He’s going to do a course in German next year.

In addition, he’s going to improve his Arabic next year.

In addition to/as well as doing a course in German next year, he’s going to improve his Arabic too.

He’s going to do a course in German next year.

Moreover/Furthermore, he’s also going to improve his Arabic.

Besides doing a course in German next year,

he’s also going to improve his Arabic.

He’s going to do a course in German next year.

He’s also going to improve his Arabic next year.

4. and 5. RESULT: So, as a result, consequently, that’s why

I'm not very good at languages, so I'm going to do a course in Italian next year.

I'm not very good at languages. That’s why I'm going to do a course in Italian next year.

5. I'm quite good at languages. Consequently, I'm going to take courses in Chinese, Japanese and French next year.

6. CONTRAST: However, in spite of, despite, although, even though

The traffic was terrible this morning. However, I managed to get to work on time.

Despite/ in spite of  the terrible traffic this morning. I managed to get to work on time.

Although /Even though the traffic was terrible this morning. I managed to get to work on time.

7. RESULT: So, as a result, consequently, that’s why

The traffic was terrible this morning, so I was about 25 minutes late for work.

The traffic was terrible this morning. That’s why I was about 25 minutes late for work.

8. Smoking is bad for your health. In addition/Moreover,/ Furthermore, it is anti-social because many people find it unpleasant.

Besides, it is a waste of money.

9. I don't think Simon Green would be a good candidate for this job. Even though/ Although he is hard working and reliable,

he has no experience in this area. Moreover, he has never shown the slightest interest in this kind of work.