Spain world's healthiest country

    The 2019 edition of the Bloomberg Healthiest Country Index ranked Spain as the world's healthiest country, followed by Italy and Iceland. Researchers attribute part of the positive health trend to a Mediterranean diet, supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts. The index also took into account smoking and obesity as well as the environment.

     (Bloomberg) -- Maybe it’s something in the gazpacho or paella, as Spain just surpassed Italy to become the world’s healthiest country. That’s according to the 2019 edition of the Bloomberg Healthiest Country Index, which ranks 169 economies according to factors that contribute to overall health. Spain placed sixth in the previous gauge, published in 2017. Four additional European nations were among the top 10 in 2019: Iceland (third place), Switzerland (fifth), Sweden (sixth) and Norway (ninth). Japan was the healthiest Asian nation, jumping three places from the 2017 survey into fourth and replacing Singapore, which dropped to eighth. Australia and Israel rounded out the top 10 at seventh and 10th place.

   The index grades nations based on variables including life expectancy while imposing penalties on risks such as tobacco use and obesity. It also takes into consideration environmental factors including access to clean water and sanitation. Spain has the highest life expectancy at birth among European Union nations, and trails only Japan and Switzerland globally, United Nations data show. Spain by 2040 is forecast to have the highest lifespan, at almost 86 years, followed by Japan, Singapore and Switzerland, according to the University of Washington’s Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. "Primary care is essentially provided by public providers, specialized family doctors and staff nurses, who provide preventive services to children, women and elderly patients, and acute and chronic care," according to the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies 2018 review of Spain, noting a decline the past decade in cardiovascular diseases and deaths from cancer.

By EUOBSERVER 26. FEB

Done by students of 2^nd of Bachillerato B 

IES Alberto Pico

Question 1: [2 POINTS] Indicate whether the following statements are true or false and write down which part of the text justifies your answer.

1. Italy and Iceland decided that Spain is the healthiest country.
2. Singapore is one of the five healthiest Asian nations.
3. Environmental factors are considered when choosing the healthiest country.
4. Switzerland has the highest lifespan according to the University of Washington.

Question 2: [2 POINTS] Answer the following questions in your own words.

1. According to the researchers, why is Spain the healthiest country?
2. How is primary care provided in Spain?

Question 3: [1,5 POINTS] Find words or phrases in the text that correspond to the words and definitions given.

1. Being fat (p. 1) 
2. Measurement (p.2) 
3. Counted with (p.2)
4. study (p. 2)
5. sicknesses (p. 3)

Question 4: [1,5 POINTS] Choose the most suitable answer (a, b, or c) according to the text.

1. Spanish people...

1. will live up to 86 years by 2040.
2. are living up to 86 years by 2040.
3. will life up to 86 years by 2040.
4. will have living up to 86 years by 2040.

2. Spain...

1. , that has surpassed Italy, has become the world’s healthiest country.
2. , which has surpassed Italy, has become the world’s healthiest country.
3. that has surpassed Italy has become the world’s healthiest country.
4. which has surpassed Italy has become the world’s healthiest country.

3. Spain has...

1. the longer life expectancy.
2. as long as life expectancy like Switzerland.
3. the highest life expectancy.
4. the biggest life expectancy.

Question 5: [3 POINTS] Write a short essay (about 120-150 words) on the following topic: Being healthy is a main priority for most people nowadays. Do you agree?

KEY

Question 1:

1. False. The 2019 edition of the Bloomberg Healthiest Country Index ranked Spain as the world's healthiest country, followed by Italy and Iceland.
2. False. Japan was the healthiest Asian nation, jumping three places from the 2017 survey into fourth and replacing Singapore, which dropped to eighth.
3. True. The index also took into account smoking and obesity as well as the environment.
4. False. . Spain has the highest life expectancy at birth among European Union nations, and trails only Japan and Switzerland.

Question 2:

1. Researchers attribute part of the positive health trend to a Mediterranean diet, supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts.
2. "Primary care is essentially provided by public providers, specialized family doctors and staff nurses, who provide preventive services to children, women and elderly patients, and acute and chronic care,"

Question 3: a. Obesity; b. Gauge; c. among; d. Survey; e. Diseases

Question 4:

1. a) will live up to 86 years by 2040.
2. b), which has surpassed Italy, has become the world’s healthiest country.
3. c) the highest life expectancy.

Relative clauses

Complete the passage with suitable relative pronouns. There may be more than one possible answer.

Jack:  Where are my jeans?

Andy:  You mean the jeans ^1. …………………… you wore last night?

Jack:  Yes, the ones ^2. …………pockets have zips. Here’s the chair ^3. …………I always put them, but they’re missing.

Andy:  I think those are the jeans ^4. …………………… Mum is washing now.

Jack:  Oh, no! There’s a note ^5. ………… I left in the pocket. It has the phone number of a girl ^6. ………… is selling her racing bike. It’s a bike ^7. ……………… ordinary price is double what she’s asking. It’s just the bike ^8. ……………………  I’ve wanted to buy for a long time.

Andy:  Maybe Mum hasn’t started the washing machine. Hurry up and check!

KEY

1. that / which 5. which / that

2. whose 6. who / that

3. where 7. whose

4. which / that 8. that / which

Combine the sentences using the relative pronouns in brackets. Add a comma when needed.

1. Many teenagers look for jobs in hotels. They can work there during the summer. (where)

2. Bus number 27 is always crowded. It travels all over the city. (which)

3. The film is about a doctor. He saves many children’s lives in India. (who)      4. The high-tech company is looking for engineers. Their references are good. (whose)

5. The author is signing books at the shop today. She is very well known. (who)

6. She tries to forget the day. She was fired that day. (when)

KEY

1. Many teenagers look for jobs in hotels where they can work during the summer.

2. Bus number 27, which travels all over the city, is always crowded. / Bus number 27, which is always crowded, travels all over the city.

3. This film is about a doctor who saves many children’s lives in India.

4. The high-tech company is looking for engineers whose references are good.

5. The best-selling author, who is very well known, is signing books at the shop today. / The best-selling author, who is signing books
at the shop today, is very well known.

6. She tries to forget the day when she was fired.

Rewrite the sentences using the formal structure.

1. I got a letter about the position which I applied for.

2. The old man who she is talking to is a millionaire.

3. The Internet company which they ordered the computer from went out of business.

4. The speaker who we are listening to knows how to interest an audience.

KEY

1. I got a letter about the position for which I applied.

2. The old man to whom she is talking is a millionaire.

3. The Internet company from which they ordered the computer went out of business.

4. The speaker to whom we are now listening knows how to interest an audience.

                                                                                                                     

Tenses review

Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

Fifteen-year-old New Yorker Leanna Archer ^1. …………………… (be) a successful businesswoman since the age of nine. For years, people ^2. ……………………… (pay) her compliments on her hair. She realised that this was because of her grandmother’s homemade hair products, made from secret formulas that ^3. ………………………… (pass) down by the women in her family for generations. Leanna ^4. …………………… (must / enjoy) all the compliments, but she also decided to take action. The nine-year-old told her parents that she ^5. ……………………… (want) to sell the products. They told her that she ^6. ………………………… (have to / wait) a few years because she was too young. So she began without their help, and today her shampoos and hair butters ^7. ……………………………… (sell) all over the world. Last year her company had an income of $100,000. If she ^8. ………………… (take) her parents’ advice, she ^9. ……………………… (not achieve) success at such a young age. Now they ^10. …………………… (must / be) glad that she didn’t listen to them!

KEY

1. has been

2. have paid

3. had been passed

4. must have enjoyed

5. wanted

6. had to wait

7. are sold

8. had taken

9. wouldn’t have achieved

10. must be

Preposition after verbs

Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition. Pay attention to the verbs in bold.

     1.   She’s looking …………………… the possibility of studying medicine abroad.

      2.   The manager put …………………… making a decision until tomorrow.

      3.   I’m upset that my offer was turned …………………… .

      4.   Don’t give …………………… . You can solve the problem.

      5.   We’re excited because business is starting to pick …………………… .

      6.   I think I took …………………… more responsibilities than I can handle.

KEY

1. into
2. off
3. down
4. up
5. up
6. on

THE SCARIEST ROLLER COASTER

           Watch the video and answer the following questions

1. When and where does this roller coaster open?
2. How does the reporter feel when she approaches the ride?
3. What do the young boys tell her about their experience?
4. How does Louisa feel during the ride and what`s her first impression after her first time in the roller coaster?
5. What do investors think about spending so much money in the building of the ride?
6. In what way could roller coasters affect one’s health?

Decide if the following sentences are true or false

1. Louisa Preston is an enthusiastic of roller coasters
2. It is England’s steepest roller coaster
3. It is a 100 foot drop
4. Louisa is not sure if she will try it again
5. It costs 13 million pounds

Key

1. It opens this weekend in Thorpe Park, Surrey
2. She feels terrified
3. They think it is amazing, thrilling and they feel the rush of adrenaline.
4. She can’t believe she has done it. She was really scared with her eyes shut and holding tight
5. It could cause long term brain injuries if one abuses, also it is not appropriate for people suffering from heart problems
6. They think it is a lot of money but they are convinced that it is worth because they have created the most terrifying attraction.

1. False : I’m not the biggest fan of roller coasters
2. False: It is the world’s steepest ride
3. True 100 foot drop
4. False: I won’t do it again
5. False: it costs 13 and a half million pounds

Vocabulary work life

Choose the correct answer. Pay attention to the words in bold.

      1.   She’s fluent in several languages / jobs.

      2.   He’s available to start / quit the job.

      3.   She was promoted because she works slowly / hard.

      4.   He’s self-employed, so he doesn’t have a boss / job.

      5.   I’ve been working overtime, so that’s why I’ve been coming home early / late.

      6.   The company charged me a lot of money, so I was excited / angry.

      7.   I’m looking for a part-time job because I only want to work regular hours / mornings.

      8.   She’s got a lot of common sense, so she’s quite ordinary / practical.

KEY

      1.   languages                              5.   late

      2.   start                                        6.   angry

      3.   hard                                       7.   mornings
      4.   boss                                       8.   practical

The hipster effect: Why anti-conformists always end up looking the same

     Complexity science explains why efforts to reject the mainstream merely result in a new conformity.

     You've probably seen this effect—perhaps you are a victim of it. You feel alienated from mainstream culture and want to make a statement that you are not part of it. You think about wearing different clothes, experimenting with a new hairstyle, or even trying unconventional makeup and grooming products. And yet when you finally reveal your new look to the world, it turns out you are not alone—millions of others have made exactly the same choices. Indeed, you all look more or less identical, the exact opposite of the countercultural statement you wanted to achieve.

     This is the hipster effect—the counterintuitive phenomenon in which people who oppose mainstream culture all end up looking the same. Similar effects occur among investors and in other areas of the social sciences.

     How does this kind of synchronization occur? Is it inevitable in modern society, and are there ways for people to be genuinely different from the masses?

    Today we get some answers thanks to the work of Jonathan Touboul at Brandeis University in Massachusetts. Touboul is a mathematician who studies the way the transmission of information through society influences the behavior of people within it. He focuses in particular on a society composed of conformists who copy the majority and anticonformists, or hipsters, who do the opposite.

     And his conclusion is that in a vast range of scenarios, the hipster population always undergoes a kind of phase transition in which members become synchronized with each other in opposing the mainstream. In other words, the hipster effect is the inevitable outcome of the behavior of large numbers of people.

Question 2. Answer the following questions in your words.

1. What do people often do to show they don´t follow trends?
2. Why do they fail in trying to look different?
3. What is the ' hipster effect ' ?
4. What does Jonathan Toubul study?

Question 3. Find words or phrases in the text that correspond to the words and definitions given.

1. most usual (p.1)
2. distant (p.2)
3. obtain (p.2)
4. series (p.6)
5. experience (p.6)
6. result (p.6)

KEY

Question 2.

1. They change the way they dress, their hairdo and use peculiar toiletries and cosmetics.
2. They eventually discover that there are a lot more people who don't accept conventions either and choose looks that are similar to theirs.
3. It is the fact that all those who do not like to look like the rest in the end adopt the same kind of styles and become another mainstream group.
4. He studies how our conduct, as members of society, is affected by the way news and information spread within society itself.

Question 3.

1. mainstream
2. alienated
3. achieve / to achieve
4. range
5. undergoes / to undergo
6. outcome

Modals

Choose the sentence that is closer in meaning to the original sentence.

      1. She should have gone to sleep early.

         a. She went to sleep late.

         b. It was a mistake to go to sleep so early.

      2. They might cancel their trip to Paris.

         a. They aren’t sure if they are going to Paris.

         b. They’ve already decided not to go to Paris.

      3. You needn’t have paid for dinner.

         a. You don’t need to pay for dinner.

         b. It wasn’t necessary to pay for dinner.

      4. It must have rained.

         a. We thought it would rain, but it didn’t.

         b. The ground is wet because of the rain.

      5. Bill couldn’t have known about the accident.

         a. Bill was in an accident.

         b. It isn’t possible that Bill knew about the accident.

 Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets.

      1. There’s a possibility that my cousin is going to visit me next Sunday. (might)

                                                                                                                            

      2. Walking on the grass is not allowed. (mustn’t)

                                                                                                                            

      3. John has the ability to be an excellent football player, but he doesn’t like the game. (could have)

                                                                                                                            

      4. It wasn’t nice that you didn’t call me on my birthday. (ought to)

                                                                                                                            

      5. Everyone expected the president to arrive on time, but he was late. (should have)

                                                                                                                            

      6. Claire doesn’t have to return the car today. (needn’t)

                                                                                                                            

      7. Holly doesn’t know how to drive. (can’t)

                                                                                                                            

5    Complete the passage with a suitable modal or modal perfect and the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

         For ten days last August, a queue of cars 95 kilometres long stood still on a motorway outside Beijing in what ^1. ……………………………… (must / be) the worst traffic jam in history. “I’ve been waiting here for days,” said one lorry driver. “How ^2. ……………………………… I ……………………………… (can / make) a living this way?” This ^3. ……………………………… (may / be) an extreme example, but it’s not that unusual. People in Beijing ^4. ……………………………… (have to / deal) with the worst traffic jams on the planet. Drivers complain that the government ^5. ……………………………… (should / build) more roads a long time ago. The government, however, ^6. ……………………………… (not able to / keep up) with the growing number of vehicles bought every year by newly wealthy citizens. Without China’s recent economic boom, people ^7. ……………………………… (might / stay) on their bicycles and Beijing ^8. ……………………………… (could / be) free of congestion. So traffic jams, though annoying, are a sign that the Chinese are getting richer.

KEY

 1. a      2. a      3. b      4. b      5. b

  1. My cousin might visit me next Sunday.

    2. You mustn’t walk on the grass.

    3. John could have been an excellent football player, but he doesn’t like the game.

    4. You ought to have called me on my birthday.

    5. The president should have arrived on time, but he was late.

    6. Claire needn’t return the car today.

    7. Holly can’t drive.

  1. must have been

    2. can … make

    3. may be

    4. have to deal

    5. should have built

    6. hasn’t been able to keep up

    7. might have stayed

    8. could have been