What food was “invented” or discovered in England?

1762: The sandwich was invented in England. 

We have a town named Sandwich in the south of England. John Montagu, the Earl of Sandwich invented a small meal that could be eaten with one hand while he continued his nonstop gambling.

1902: Marmite was invented in England. 

Marmite is dark brown-coloured savory spread made from the yeast that is a by-product of the brewing industry. It has a very strong, slightly salty flavour. It is definitely a love-it-or-hate-it type of food.

Mincemeat was invented in England as a way of preserving meat without salting or smoking it.

HP Sauce was invented in England at the end of the 19^th century by Mr FG Garton, a Nottingham grocer. He was down on his luck and couldn’t pay his bills, so when Edwin Samson Moore, owner of the Midland Vinegar Company, offered to cancel his debt with the company and pay him £150 for the recipe, plus the use of the name HP, Garton jumped at the chance.

Moore had been looking around for some time for a sauce to manufacture and market. He liked both the taste and the name of Garton’s HP Sauce, which had an appropriately patriotic ring to it. The HP stood for Houses of Parliament, as it was rumoured that the sauce had been seen gracing the tables of one of the dining rooms there.

Worcestershire Sauce (Worcester Sauce)

1837 John Lea and William Perrins of Worcester, England started manufacturing Worcester Sauce (Worcestershire).

Worcester sauce was originally an Indian recipe, brought back to Britain by Lord Marcus Sandys, ex-Governor of Bengal. He asked two chemists, John Lea and William Perrins, to make up a batch of sauce from his recipe.

ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? CORRECT THE FALSE ONES.

1.- Everybody in England loves Marmite.

2.- The Earl of Sandwich liked eating while playing games.

3.- People in England had a problem to keep meat fresh.

4.- HP stands for Houses of Parliament because the sauce was invented by a Member of Parliament.

5.- Worcestershire sauce is a British recipe.

KEY

  

1. FALSE. Either you like it or hate it.
2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE. It is called HP because it was used in one of the dining rooms at the Houses of Parliament.
5. FALSE. It is an Indian recipe.

London cycling deaths: we need action, not talk

Question 1

            a)False. A fairly quiet junction in Spitalfields was filled with uniformed police, paramedics, cars, and ambulances attending to someone in the road.

            b) True. She escaped with only a broken collarbone.  

            c) False. London’s mayor went on LBC to talk about the deaths and raised the issue of irresponsible cyclists.

            d) False. There seems to be an active policy of stopping and fining red light jumping cyclists,

Question 2

a)       Its buses drive too fast/ heavy lorries share same roads as cyclists at peak hour times/ cycle lanes disappear when the direction of the road changes/ resulting in traffic movig into the lanes/ car parking space takes over the lanes/ major roads with up to 3 lanes are unprotected.

b)        The reader cycles with extreme caution and the idea that any road user could kill him/ he tries to focus on what he is doing and to imagine possible dangerous situations like dangerous moves for example people opening doors without looking/ a motorist trying to scare him/ keeping a good space between his bike and the vehicle/ he realises that he cannot control all road situations.

Question 3

a)       witness                                d) chat

b)       swift                                     e) reckless

c)       unexpected

Question 4

a. If you cycle in London, you'll know what my first thought was.

    If you cycled in London, you would know what his first thought had been.

b. Police were herding people away from the scene.

    People were being herded away from the scene.

c. He said, “When people make decisions on the road that are risky, they can get killed.”

    He said that when people made decisions on the road that were risky, they could get killed.

Brain scans to unlock mystery of shoppers' behaviour

Shoppers will have their brains scanned in an attempt to discover whether spending too long in a supermarket really does lead you to make bad and impulsive decisions. Researchers will scan people's brains to examine how they react to promotions and special offers, and how their behaviour changes as they browse the aisles.

The mystery of consumers' behaviour, and how it can be influenced by anything from the layout of a shop's shelves to the music piped through its tannoys, is of crucial importance to retailers who spend millions trying to gain a competitive edge.

According to previous research there appears to be a point about 23 minutes after a customer begins shopping that they cease making decisions rationally and begin acting more on impulse.

Researchers from Bangor University and the shopping behaviour specialists SBXL will ask retailers to simulate a normal £80 grocery shop while having their brain imaged by an MRI scanner.

Because the participants need to be inside the 20-tonne machine, they will choose items from a list of products rather than browsing the shop on foot.

Experts will analyse changes in blood flow brain activity as the participants go through the shopping process, to identify any changes in attention span, and their ability to ignore brands surrounding those on offer.

Their theory is that after about 23 minutes of shopping customers will begin to tire and will start making decisions with the emotional part of their brain, which cannot accurately calculate value for money, rather than the cognitive part which governs logical decision-making.

 Some studies have shown that a fifth of shoppers will buy items on special offer even if they are more expensive than the usual product, while nearly half ignore buy-one-get-one free labels and only take one item.

Dr Paul Mullins, a psychologist at Bangor University, said: "We are really excited about this new research opportunity. Using advanced brain-imaging techniques we hope to get a better understanding of how shoppers respond to special offers."

Question 1 (2 points) Indicate whether the following statements are true or false and write down which part of the text justifies your answer.

a. The result of this study is decisive for shopkeepers.

b. The experiment will take place in a real shop.

c. When people start their shopping, they often act logically.

d. More than half of the shoppers buy buy-one-get-one free labels

Question 2 (2 points) Answer the following questions in your own words.

a. What is the purpose of the study?

b. How will the research be carried out?

Question 3 (1.5 points) Find words or phrases in the text that correspond in meaning to the words and definitions given.

a. look around (par.1)                 b. sellers (par.2)                        c.  pretend (par. 4)

d. exactly (par.7)                       e. brands (par.8)

Question 4 (1.5 points) Complete the following sentences without changing the meaning.

a. Consumers’ behavior can be influenced by anything.

Anything ……………………………

b. Shoppers stop making rational decisions when stay at the shop longer than 23 minutes.

If shoppers ……………………….

c. Despite being exposed to special offers, some shoppers only buy what they need.

Although ……………………………….

Question 5 (3 points) Write a short essay (120-150 words) on the following topic:

Shopping online or going to the shops. What do you prefer and why?

To Be

Translate the following sentences into English

1. ¿Cuántos años tenía Tom cuando se casó?
2. El mes que viene cumplirá 20 años.
3. John cumplió 40 ayer.
4. ¿Cuánto mides? Mido 1,63.
5. ¿Cuánto mide este pasillo? Mide 3 metros de largo.
6. ¿Qué altura tiene el Big Ben? Mide casi 100 metros de alto.
7. ¿Qué tamaño tiene eso?
8. Tenía mucha hambre cuando salimos del cine.
9. La piscina del club cubría sólo 1,80.
10. Está nublado, pero hace calor.

KEY

1. How old was Tom when he got married?
2. He’ll be 20 next month.
3. John was 40 yesterday.
4. How tall are you? I’m 1.63 tall.
5. How long is this corridor? It’s 3 metres long.
6. How high is Big Ben? It’s nearly 100 metres high.
7. How big is that? / What’s the size of that?
8. I was very hungry when we came out of the cinema.
9. The swimming pool was only 1.80 metres deep.
10. It’s cloudy, but it’s warm.

Women gamers aged over 35 outnumber men

 Although online gaming is still extremely popular with men aged 15-24, women aged 35 and over regularly outnumber their male counterparts, according to a new report from casual gaming company Spil Games.

            In Turkey, Brazil, Netherlands, US, UK, and France, there are more women over 35 gaming than men, and the report states that 73 per cent of Turkish women aged 35-44 play online games.

            Adult women tend to play games primarily to break away from their daily routine and at the same time get some mental stimulation. These players tend to prefer puzzle games, matching games and Mahjong-style games, which involve matching pairs of images to eliminate pieces from a board.

            Gaming is also popular amongst teenagers and 'tween' girls, who like to explore their future life through role-play. Acting out grown-up situations they recognise from the world around them (like pretending to have a job or be a parent) helps them feel independent, according to the report.

            Cooking games, dress-up games and pet caring games are particularly popular amongst girls, while boys prefer racing games, sports games and action games, which are more focused on competition and showing off their high scores than on creativity.

"Girls like to be creative, and they like to share their creativity with others. They want to be connected to those around them and to show their friends what they’ve made, Many of these games, particularly Sara’s Cooking Class, also have a cross-generational appeal, with mums regularly playing them with their daughters for bonding time and for a bit of light entertainment."

            The total number of people around the globe who play games is expected to surpass 1.2 billion by the end of 2013, according to comScore, representing 44 per cent of the world’s online population. The global games market is currently worth $70.4 billion and is expected to grow at 6 per cent a year.

            "Modern gamers play everywhere and at all times. They might start on their smartphones while commuting to work or school, continue on their desktop or laptop during the day, and go on playing on their tablets at home in the evening," the report states.

Question 1 (2 points) Indicate whether the following statements are true or false and write down which part of the text justifies your answer.

a. The results of the report apply to gamers in Europe and America.

b. Girls are not interested in competing when they play online games.

c. More than half of the people who go online play games.

d. People only play games when they are at home.

Question 2 (2 points) Answer the following questions in your own words.

a. Why do adult women play and what kind of games do they like?

b. What differences are there between boys’ and girls’ games?

Question 3 (1.5 points) Find words or phrases in the text that correspond in meaning to the words and definitions given.

a. excitement (par.3)                 b. exhibit, boast (par.5)              c. attraction (par 5)

d. exceed (par 6)                                  e.travel to and from work (par7)

Question 4 (1.5 points) Complete the following sentences without changing the meaning.

a. Although online gaming is extremely popular with men aged 15-24, women aged 35 outnumber their male counterparts.

Despite ………………………………………………………………………………………………

b. The total number of people around the globe who play games is expected to surpass 1.2 billion.

People ……………………………………………………………………………………………….

c. “It’s inevitable that more devices will be developed to support this growing area”.

They said that ………………………………………………………………………………………

Question 5 (3 points) Write a short essay (120-150 words) on the following topic:

Are online games educational? Is it easy to get addicted to games?

Tener 2

There are different words and expressions you can use to translate the Spanish verb “tener”. Choose from the ones below and translate the sentences into English

Must                             to have to                     to be                to hold              to keep in

What’s the matter         to be worried                                        to think oneself

1. ¿Qué tienes? ¿Por qué estás así?
2. No tengo nada que deciros.
3. No las tengo todas conmigo.
4. Se tiene por muy listo.
5. ¡Tú tenías que ser!
6. Le tengo mucho cariño.
7. ¡Ten!
8. Esta caja es para tener el dinero.
9. Lo tenía en la mano.
10. Tiene que ser inglés. Lo habla muy bien.
11. Siempre quiero tener razón.

KEY

1. What’s the matter with you? Why are you like that?
2. I have nothing to tell you.
3. w
4. I am worried.
5. He thinks himself very clever.
6. It had to be you!
7. I’m very fond of him.
8. Here you are.
9. This box is to keep the money in.
10. He was holding it in his hand.
11. He must be English. He speaks it very well.
12. He/She always wants to be right.

Rephrasings 9

Rewrite the sentences without changing the meaning

1.        “Why don’t we play computer games?” said Michael.

Michael suggested ………………………………………..

2.        She said: “Are you coming to the party on Friday?”

She asked him …………………………………………….

3.       They came to live in New York two years ago.

They have …………………………………………………

4.       Smoking is forbidden in hospitals.

You ………………………………………………………….

5.        Although the weather was horrible, we went skiing.

In spite of ……………………………………………………

6.       I would like to have more free time these days.

I wish ……………………………………………………..

7.       I met that famous writer a year ago.

It’s been a year ……………………………………………

8.       Wanda didn’t study for her test. Therefore, she failed.

If ……………………………………………………………………

9.        “Don’t speak so loud, please”, she said to the students.

She …………………………………………………………………

10.    We won’t buy that house because we don’t have enough money.

As ………………………………………………………………………

KEY

1.       Michael suggested playing computer games.

2.       She asked him if he was going to the party that Friday

3.       They have bee living in N.Y for two years.

4.       You mustn’t smoke in hospitals

5.       In spite of the horrible weather, we went skiing.

6.       I wish I had more free time these days

7.       It’s been a year since I met that famous writer

8.       If Wanda had studied for her test, she wouldn’t have failed.

9.       She asked the students not to speak so loud.

10.   As we don’t have enough money, we won’t buy that house 

Present Perfect 2

Translate the following sentences into English

1. Llevo años jugando al golf.
2. Llevo seis meses escribiendo un libro.
3. He escrito este libro en seis meses.
4. ¿Has leído el periódico? No, no lo he leído.
5. Llevas ya dos horas leyendo el periódico.
6. He estado planchando toda la tarde, por el momento he planchado camisas y pantalones, las sábanas no las he planchado todavía.
7. No se puede respirar aquí. ¿Habéis estado fumando? He fumado un par de cigarrillos.
8. ¿Cuánto tiempo hace que no os veis?
9. Ésta es mi vieja pluma. Hace siglos que la tengo.
10. ¿Cuánto tiempo llevan casados tus amigos?

KEY

1. I have been playing golf for years.
2. I’ve been writing a book for six months.
3. I’ve written this book in six months.
4. Have you read the paper? No, I haven’t read it yet.
5. You’ve already been reading the paper for two hours.
6. I have been ironing all afternoon. I have ironed / done shirts and trousers so far but I haven’t done / ironed the sheets yet.
7. You can’t breathe in here. Have you been smoking? I have smoked a couple of cigarettes.
8. How long is it since you last met each other?
9. This is my old pen. I’ve had it for ages.
10. How long have your friends been married?

Lionel Messi scores record third Golden Boot award

     

            Barcelona's superstar striker Lionel Messi has won the European Golden Boot for a record third time.

            Lionel scored 46 goals in the 2012/2013 Spanish league as he helped Barcelona finish top of the table.

            Messi said: "I dedicate this award to my family - the people who are there in the toughest times - and my team-mates."

            He won the award in the 2009/10 season, scoring 34 goals, and again in 2011/12 when he scored an incredible 50 goals.

            Messi is not currently playing due to injury and is unlikely to win a fourth Golden Boot this season.

 Match the words below to their definitions

award / dedicate / injury / league / season / striker

prize given to someone because they have achieved something

say that something is being done in someone's honour

damage to someone's body caused by an accident or an attack

group of teams playing a sport that compete with each other

period of the year when a particular sport is played

striker   football player whose main job is to try to score goals

True or false?

1. Messi has not won the award previously.

2. Messi did not manage to match his 2011/12 goal total last year.

3. Injury is preventing Messi from playing at the moment.

4. Messi's teammates have given him a tough time.

5. The Golden Boot has gone to Messi three times in the past.

6. Barcelona won the Spanish league last year.

7. Messi's family has helped him through tough times.

8. Messi is on track to win again this year.          

Which word or phrase means the same as the one in italics?

1. incredible

a) the same as inedible

b) the same as unbelievable

c) the same as upsetting

2. currently

a) the same as recently

b) the same as early

c) the same as presently

3. table

a) the same as rankings

b) the same as world

c) the same as tablet

4. finish

a) the same as end

b) the same as continue

c) the same as start

KEY

Vocabulary

award               prize given to someone because they have achieved something

dedicate           say that something is being done in someone's honour

injury                damage to someone's body caused by an accident or an attack

league              group of teams playing a sport that compete with each other

season                         period of the year when a particular sport is played

striker               football player whose main job is to try to score goals

TRUE or FALSE

1. False

2. True

3. True

4. False

5. False

6. True

7. True

8. False

1. b)   the same as unbelievable

2. c)   the same as presently

3. a)   the same as rankings

4. a)   the same as end

Brain scans to unlock mystery of shoppers' behaviour

Question 1

            a) True. The mystery of consumers' behavior …. is of crucial importance to retailers who spend millions trying to gain a competitive edge.

            b) False. Researchers from Bangor University and the shopping behaviour specialists SBXL will ask retailers to simulate a normal £80 grocery shop while having their brain imaged by an MRI scanner.       

            c) True. Their theory is that after about 23 minutes of shopping customers will begin to tire and will start making decisions with the emotional part of their brain, which cannot accurately calculate value for money, rather than the cognitive part which governs logical decision-making

            d) False. Some studies have shown that a fifth of shoppers will buy items on special offer even if they are more expensive than the usual product, while nearly half ignore buy-one-get-one free labels and only take one item.

Question 2

            a) The purpose of the study is to find out if shoppers change their way to decide about their shopping once they have been at the shop for a long time.

            b) There will be a virtual grocery shop where customers will choose products from a list. While they are doing this, their brains will be examined by a scanner and later researchers will study the changes in the blood flow in their brains.

Question 3

a)       To browse

b)       retailers

c)       simulate

d)       accurately

e)       labels

Question 4

a)       Anything can influence consumers‘ behaviour.

b)       If shoppers didn’t stay at the shop longer than 23 minutes, they wouldn’t stop making rational decisions.

c)       Although they are being exposed to special offers, some shoppers only buy what they need.

Women gamers aged over 35 outnumber men

Question 1

            a) True. In Turkey, Brazil, Netherlands, US, UK, and France, there are more women over 35 gaming than men, and the report states that 73 per cent of Turkish women aged 35-44 play online games.

            b) True. Cooking games, dress-up games and pet caring games are particularly popular amongst girls, while boys prefer racing games, sports games and action games, which are more focused on competition and showing off their high scores than on creativity.

            c) False. The total number of people around the globe who play games is expected to surpass 1.2 billion by the end of 2013, according to comScore, representing 44 per cent of the world’s online population.

            d) False. "Modern gamers play everywhere and at all times. They might start on their smartphones while commuting to work or school, continue on their desktop or laptop during the day, and go on playing on their tablets at home in the evening,"

Question 2

            a) Adult women play games to escape from their everyday routine and to make their  minds work. They like games which involve pairing images or solving puzzles.

            b) When girls play games, they want to experiment how their  personal and working life  in the future will be, while boys are more interested in boasting how good they are in sports, competitions and action games

Question 3

a)       stimulation

b)       to show off / showing off

c)       appeal

            d)   surpass

            e)   to commute / commuting

Question 4

a)       Despite online gaming being extremely popular with men aged 15-24, women aged 35 outnumber their male counterparts.

b)       People expect that the total number of people around the globe who play games will surpass 1.2 billion.

c)       They said that it was inevitable that more devices would be developed to support this growing area.