Rephrasing Modals 2

Rewrite the following sentences so that they have the same meaning as the original. Use modal verbs.

1.    It isn't necessary for her to phone me back.

She ……………………………..

2.    Perhaps we'll go swimming tomorrow. 2

We ……………………………….

3.    I think Mary is probably at home because the windows are open.

Mary…………………………………………

4.    Perhaps John knew about the trip, but I'm not sure.

John …………………………………….

5.    Perhaps we'll rent our house in summer.

We ………………………………..

6.    It's absolutely necessary that we finish the article today.

We ……………………………………

7.    You cannot smoke in the underground; it's forbidden.

You ………………………………….

8.    It is essential that we talk before the meeting starts.

We……………………………………….

9.    It isn't necessary for us to book a table; I know one of the waiters.

We………………………………………….

10.  It's forbidden to drive without fastening your seatbelt.

You………………………………….

11.  If I were you I'd do some more exercises.

You………………………………………..

12.  Perhaps I go on holiday to Menorca.

I…………………………….

13.  I'm sure something is happening tonight. Look at those preparations!

Something…………………………………………

14.  It's compulsory for all students to attend lessons

All students ………………………………

15.  It's possible that they move to Australia

They ……………………………………….

16.  I'm sure Helen knows about the accident. She looks very unhappy.

Helen …………………………………….

17.  You are not allowed to use the phone without permission.

You ……………………………………..

18. It's compulsory for all visitors to show their ID card.

All visitors ………………………………………….

KEY

1. She doesn’t need to phone me back.
2. We may go swimming tomorrow.

3.    Mary may at home because the windows are open.

4.    John might have known about the trip.

5.    We may rent our house in summer.

6.    We must finish the article today.

7.    You mustn’t smoke in the underground.

8.    We have to talk before the meeting starts.

9.    We don’t have to book a table; I know one of the waiters.

10.  We mustn’t drive without fastening your seatbelt.

11.  We should do some more exercises.

12.  I may go on holiday to Menorca.

13.  Something must be happening tonight. Look at those preparations!

14.  All students must attend lessons.

15.  They may move to Australia.

16.  Helen must know about the accident. She looks very unhappy.

17.  You mustn’t use the phone without permission.

18.  All visitors must show their ID card.

How to understand the difference between the UK and Great Britain

A. Do this vocabulary task before you watch.

Head of state / Nation / Government / State / Parliament / Prime Minister

1. The group of people who control a country:
2. An area represented and recognised by one government:
3. The leader of the government (in some countries):
4.The official leader of a country – often someone with no real political power:
5. The group or groups of people who make up the government:
6. A group of people who share a common culture.

Read the statements and decide if they are true or false.
1. The woman is English.
2. Scotland is a bit of England-
3. Wales and England are not the same nation.
4. The UK is Scotland, England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
5. The UK has one head of state, the Queen.
6. The UK has one parliament.
7. It’s complicated.

KEY

1.government 2.state 3.prime minister 4.head of state 5. Parliament 6. Nation

1. True 2.FALSE 3.TRUE 4.TRUE 5.TRUE 6.FALSE 7.TRUE

Rephrasing modals 1

Rewrite the following sentences so that they have the same meaning as the original. Use modal verbs. 

1. Taking my computer without saying a word to me was the wrong thing to do.

You………………..

2. It’s necessary to wear uniform to work with this firm.

You……………………………………

3. Perhaps Jane is in the garden now.

Jane……………………………………

4. It is idiot from her to take so much fat.

She……………………………………..

5. It was obligatory for them to knock at the door before entering.

They ……………………………….

6. He is definitely stressed.

He ………………………..

7. I don’t let my son stay out after 11.

My son ……………………….

8. It is good for us to practice more exercise.

We…………………………………………..

9. There’s a tiny opportunity for her to get that job.

She …………………………………

10. It wasn’t a good idea to leave the mobile on the table while she wasn’t looking.

She ……………………………………

11. We’re sure they will win the next election.

They …………………………..

12. It isn’t obligatory to knock at the door before entering.

You ………………..

13. It is forbidden to play any loud music after 12 at night.

You………………………………

14. It’s possible their parents lent them the money for their new house.

Their parents ………………………………..

15. Laws don’t allow young people to drive before they are 18.

Young people ………………………………………….

16. I’m sure that isn’t Joe; he’s much taller.

That …………………………………………………….

KEY

1. You shouldn’t have taken my computer.
2. You must wear a uniform to work with this firm.
3. Jane may be in the garden now.
4. She shouldn’t take so much fat.
5. They must knock at the door before entering.
6. He must be stressed.
7. My son mustn’t stay out after 11.
8. We should practice more exercise.
9. She might get the job.
10. She shouldn’t have left the mobile on the table while she wasn’t looking.
11. They must win the next election.
12. You don’t have to knock at the door before entering.
13. You mustn’t play any loud music after 12 at night.
14. Their parents may have lent them the money for their new house.
15. Young people mustn’t drive before they are 18.
16. That can’t be Joe; he’s much taller.

Wealthy, educated, single men most likely to drink heavily in later life

Research on the drinking habits of the over-45s found that as they get older, people reduce the amount and the frequency at which they drink by up to a fifth. However, the extent of the reduction is affected by health, relationship status, income and education.

For both men and women, the wealthier and more educated drink larger quantities and more frequently, but those at the highest risk of heavy drinking in old age are educated, single men on high incomes.

Contrary to stereotypes, women who split from their partners reduced their drinking levels by more than 16 per cent while those in a partnership saw a drop of 11 per cent during the same period, the decade long study of 4,500 people by academics at Keele University and UCL found. Older people in poor health gave up alcohol the fastest, and women with poor health and lower levels of education are least likely to be heavy or frequent consumers.

Clare Holdsworth, professor of social geography at Keele, said: “Our findings suggest that the group most at risk of heavy drinking in later life is older single men with high levels of education and above average wealth. Our findings also challenge the assumption that the end of a partnership is associated with alcohol misuse in later life. In particular, our analysis of drinking behaviours demonstrates that change in partnership status for women is associated with a reduction in alcohol consumption. As a result it is not necessarily appropriate to target alcohol services at this group of older people.”

The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing found that at the beginning of the decade long study men consumed on average 19 units a week and women 14. In 2010 this had fallen to 14 and 7 respectively. Wealthier men with a university degree began the study drinking 34 units a week and it only fell to 28.

Prof Holdsworth said that this change could partly be attributed to people listening to medical advice as well as getting out and socialising less as they get older. She told the Times: “We have an image of who we think problem drinkers are, people who are lonely or down on their luck. But people who are drinking more are actually enjoying themselves.”

Question 1 (2 points) Indicate whether the following statements are true or false and write down which part of the text justifies your answer.

a. Women who split from their partners are generally believed to drink more.

b. Ill women who are not well educated drink heavily.

c. Married men drink more than single men when they grow old. Ill women who are not well educated drink heavily.

d. The study has been going on for at least ten years.

Question 2 (2 points) Answer the following questions in your own words.

a. According to the study, who are the heaviest drinkers?

b. Why do people reduce their alcohol consumption?

Question 3 (1.5 points) Find words or phrases in the text that correspond in meaning tothe words and definitions given.                                                                                                   

a. break up (par.3)                   b. stop, quit (par.3)                          c. in danger (par.4)

d. shows (par.4)                       e. drop (par.5)

Question 4 (1.5 points) Complete the following sentences without changing the meaning.

a.     Women who split from their partners drink less than those in a partnership.

Women who split from their partners don’t ………………………………….

b.    “We have an image of who we think problem drinkers are, people who are lonely or down on their luck.”

Prof Holdsworth said that …………………………………………………………..  

c.     The extent of the reduction is affected by health, relationship status, income and education.                                                                                                                                   

Health …………………………………………………………………………

Question 5 (3 points) Write a short essay (120-150 words) on the following topic:     

What kinds of social problems does alcohol cause in your country?

Unique VW camper van sells for £67,500

For an entire generation the VW camper van was the ultimate symbol of freedom, the utility vehicle that would allow them to drive off into the sun in search of new thrills and experiences. For some it was a dream which eschewed material possessions in favour of spiritual enlightenment, for others it was a cheap and cheerful way of going on a family holiday around the country or across to the continent.

So it is not without some irony that a particularly rare example of the German designed camper van was sold at auction, on Saturday, for the not insignificant price of £67,5000 to an anonymous UK buyer. The Volkswagen Type 2 Samba Microbus was never officially imported to Britain and, as a result, the SGP 62 sold at auction in Warwickshire is thought to be only example of its type in the country.

By a stroke of fortune – at least for all VW enthusiasts – the SGP 62 appears to have been kept in storage in the West country for 30 years, where it remained in good condition before being discovered in 1992. It has since being lovingly restored to the original specifications, with a new 'Devon’ interior modelled on its original 1950s period design.

Peter Colborne-Barber, 71, who took over his father’s dealership until he sold it in 2001, remembers the enthusiasm with which his father greeted new models such as the SGP 62. “This particular model had front opening windows, which were traditionally made for warmer climes, so goodness knows how it ended up in Britain,” he said. “It’s a lovely example of a VW camper van and looks even better following its restoration.”

It was Mr Colborne-Barber Snr who set up the first dealership in Britain to specialising in VW cars when, in 1949, he bought one of the first VW Beetles to be manufactured in Germany under the reconstruction programme supervised by the Allied forces at the end of the war. The 1947 Beetle had been brought across by former Army officer George LaHaye who exchanged it with Mr Colborne-Barber Snr for a Wolseley 6/80.

Mr Colborne-Barber Snr’s son bought the car back into family ownership in the 1980s when, by chance, its then owner drove it onto his garage forecourt for repairs. It then remained at the family dealership even after it changed owners. “My father loved that car,” said Mr Colborne-Barber Jnr. “They were robust and reliable and could take you to Scotland without any problems. He knew straight away they would be popular with the British motoring public. And they obviously still are."

Question 1 (2 points) Indicate whether the following statements are true or false and write down which part of the text justifies your answer.

a. The final price of the van was considered very high.

b. The SGP 62 needed major a restoration.

c. Peter Colborne-Barber does no longer continue with the family business.

d. The VW cars were made both in Germany and Britain.

Question 2 (2 points) Answer the following questions in your own words.

a. Why was the VW Camper so popular?

b. How did Peter Colborne-Barber get the van?

Question 3 (1.5 points) Find words or phrases in the text that correspond in meaning to the words and definitions given.

a.  joyful, lively (paragraph 1)                                         

b. replace, take charge of (paragraph 4)                                              

c. establish (paragraph 5)

d. to be trusted (paragraph 6)                                          

e. immediately (paragraph 6)

Question 4 (1.5 points) Complete the following sentences without changing the meaning.

a. The SGP 62 is thought to be only example of its type in the country.

    People...

b. He said. “It’s a lovely example of a VW camper van and looks even better following its restoration.”

    He said that...

c. The 1947 Beetle had been brought across by George LaHaye.

    George...

Question 5 (3 points) Write a short essay (120-150 words) on the following topic:

We cannot live without cars. They are an essential part of our lives.

Modal verbs

Translate Into English. Use Modal verbs.

1.- No sé hablar ruso, pero podré hablar ruso dentro de 5 años.

2.- Quizás vayamos a la discoteca.

3.- Debe haber gente muy trabajadora en tu empresa

4.- No deberías haber contado esa mentira.

5.- Tuve que ducharme con agua fría porque no había agua caliente.

6.- Seguro que Mariano gana mucho dinero

7.- No hace falta que te levantes tan temprano.

8.- Podríamos haber jugado mejor.

9.- A lo mejor estoy equivocado, pero la gente debería tener más cuidado.

10.- Puede haber disputas entre los trabajadores y empresarios.

KEY

1.  I can’t speak Russian, but I will be able to speak Russian in 5 years

2.  We may go to the disco.

3. There must be very hard-working people in your company

4. You shouldn’t have told that lie

5.  I had to shower in cold water because there was no hot water

6.  Mariano must earn a lot of money.

7. You needn’t get up so early .

8.  We could have played better.

9. I may be wrong but people should be more careful

10. There may be arguments between the workers and the employers

Unique VW camper van sells for £67,500

KEY

Question 1

            a) TRUE. camper van was sold at auction, on Saturday, for the not insignificant price of £67,5000

            b) FALSE. appears to have been kept in storage in the West country for 30 years, where it remained in good condition

            c) TRUE. Peter Colborne-Barber, 71, who took over his father’s dealership until he sold it in 2001,

            d) FALSE. he bought one of the first VW Beetles to be manufactured in Germany

Question 2

a)    Paragraph 1. For an entire generation the VW camper van was the ultimate symbol of freedom, the utility vehicle that would allow them to drive off into the sun in search of new thrills and experiences. For some it was a dream which eschewed material possessions in favour of spiritual enlightenment, for others it was a cheap and cheerful way of going on a family holiday around the country or across to the continent.

b)    Paragraph 6. Mr Colborne-Barber Snr’s son bought the car back into family ownership in the 1980s when, by chance, its then owner drove it onto his garage forecourt for repairs.

Question 3

a)    cheerful

b)    took over

c)    set up

            d)   reliable

            e)   straight away

Question 4

a)    People think the SGP 62 is only example of its type in the country.

b)     He said that it was a lovely example of a VW camper van and looked even better following its restoration....

c)    George LaHaye had brought across the 1947 Beetle

Wealthy, educated, single men most likely to drink heavily in later life

KEY

Question 1

a.     True. “Contrary to stereotypes, women who split from their partners reduced their drinking levels by more than 16 per cent.”

b.    False. “… and women with poor health and lower levels of education are least likely to be heavy or frequent consumers.”

c.     False. “Our findings suggest that the group most at risk of heavy drinking in later life is older single men.”

d.    True.  “The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing found that at the beginning of the decade long study men consumed on average 19 units a week and women 14. In 2010 this had fallen to 14 and 7 respectively.”

Question 2

a.     According to the study, we can find the heaviest drinkers among unmarried men with university studies and a good financial situation.

b.    Some people reduce the amount of alcohol they drink because their doctors advise them to do it. Older people also go out less frequently, which helps to cut down on drinks. Women who change their status and break up with their couple also tend to drink less.

Question 3

a.     Split / to split

b.    Gave up / to give up

c.     At risk

d.    Demonstrates / to demonstrate

e.     Fallen / to fall

British and American English 15

Write down the American or British word for the following:

American	British
1.       Bill (money)
2.	Chimney
3.       Monkey wrench
4.	Handbag
5.       Flashlight
6.	Sellotape
7.       Yard
8.	Vest
9.       Tag
10.	Telegram
11.   Street musician
12.	Lamppost
13.   Blow-out
14.	Caravan
15.   mortician
16.	Fire brigade
17.   Sideburns
18.	Pram
19.    Sucker
20.	holiday

Key

1.       Bank note          2. Smokestack  3. Spanner          4. Purse               5. Torch              

6. Scotch tape           7. Garden           8. Undershirt     9. Label              10. Wire              

11. busker                  12. Streetlight   13. Puncture      14. Trailer            15. Undertaker

16. fire department        17. Sideboards 18. Baby carriage             19. Lollipop         20. vacation